Introduction to Western Concert Music connects the music of a particular time and place within the scope of the ideas and beliefs circulating in that time and place. By illustrating such connections, readers come to an understanding of music as a social as well as sonic experience.
Featuring a textbook, study guide, and 5 CD package, Introduction to Western Concert Music:
Introduction to Western Concert Music and Society
STUDYING MUSIC
Musical Study in Ancient and Medieval Times
Formal and Informal Musical Knowledge
Studying Music Making and Studying to Make Music
Studying Meaning in Music
The Birth of Music Appreciation Classes
Moving Beyond Appreciation
THE FORMAT OF THE BOOK AND ITS USE
MUSIC AND SOCIETY
CHAPTER 1 The Elements of Music
SOUND, SILENCE, AND MUSIC
Frequency (Pitch)
Orchestral String Instruments
Orchestral Woodwind Instruments
Orchestral Brass Instruments
Orchestral Percussion Instruments
Orchestral Keyboard Instruments
Amplitude (Dynamics)
Timbre or Tone Color
Duration
CHAPTER 2 Pitch Designations and Relationships in Music
VARIOUS WESTERN EUROPEAN METHODS
The Twelve Chromatic Tones
The Octave
Various Scales
Diatonic Scales
Major Scales
Minor Scales
Church Modes
Other Scale Patterns
Alternative Pitch Arrangements
Some Alternative Tuning Systems
CHAPTER 3 Musical Notation
A BRIEF HISTORY
PITCH NOTATION
RHYTHMIC NOTATION
Time Signatures and Measures
Simple Meter
Compound Meter
Other Meters
Tempo
Additional Notations
CHAPTER 4 The Structures of Music
SIMPLE AND COMPLEX MUSICAL RELATIONSHIPS
Melody
Motives
Texture
Monophony
Polyphony
Homophony
Musical Style and Form
Various Types of Musical Structure
Theme and Variations Form
Ritornello Form and the Concerto
The Fugue
Sonata Form
Rondo Form
CHAPTERS 2-5 VOCABULARY
CHAPTER 5 Ancient Greece
STUDYING MUSIC FROM ANCIENT TIMES
THE EARLIEST EVIDENCE OF MUSIC IN THE WEST
MUSIC IN ANCIENT GREECE
THE EPITAPH AT SEIKILOS
The Epitaph of Seikilos CD 1, #1
GREEK MUSICAL THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY
Pythagoras and Greek Musical Theory
Ptolemy and the Music of the Spheres
Greek Modal Theory
Plato, Aristotle, and Philosophical Approaches to Modes
Plato on Music and Society
SOME QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 6 The Middle Ages (c. 476–1453)
THE MIDDLE AGES
THE MEDIEVAL MIND
The Medieval Mind and Politics
The Role of Faith for the Medieval Mind
Medieval Christianity
The Medieval Mind and the Arts
Hierarchy and the Medieval Church
GREGORIAN CHANT
The Medieval Liturgy
A Particular Gregorian Chant
Alleluia from the Mass for Christmas Day CD1, #2
THE RISE OF POLYPHONY
Embellishing Gregorian Chant
The Notre Dame Composers
Pérotin: Sederunt CD1, #3
SECULAR MUSIC
The Troubadours
Bernart de Ventadorn: Can vei la lauzeta mover CD1, #4
Secular Polyphony
Philippe de Vitry: Garrit Gallus/In Nova Fert/Neuma CD1, #5
The 1300s in Europe: The Hundred Years War
The Black Death
The Schism in the Church
The Arts in Europe of the 1300s
MUSIC OF THE PEASANTS
Istampita Palamento CD1, #6
Musical Exchange between the Rich and Poor
THE END OF THE MIDDLE AGES
Guillaume Du Fay
Guillaume Du Fay: Nuper rosarum flores CD1, #7
SOME QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 7 The Renaissance (1453–1600)
THE WORD “RENAISSANCE”
Renaissance and the Social Classes
THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
Artistic Rivalry in Italy
HUMANISM
Humanism and the Sciences
MUSIC AND HISTORY
Gilles Binchois: “De plus en plus” CD1, #8
The Invention of Movable Type
The Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther: Ein feste Burg CD1, #9
Calvinism and Music
Bourgeois: “Old Hundreth” CD1, #10
JOSQUIN DES PREZ
Josquin’s Career
Josquin’s Compositions
Josquin’s Missa Hercules cux Ferrarie
Josquin des Prez: “Agnus Dei” from Missa Hercules dux Ferrarie CD1, #11
PALESTRINA AND THE MUSIC OF THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
The Council of Trent
The Pope Marcellus Mass
Giovannia Pierluigi da Palestrina: “Agnus Dei” from Pope Marcellus Mass CD1, #12
Musical Theory Concerning Dissonance in Polyphonic Music
THE ITALIAN MADRIGAL
The History of the Madrigal
Giaches de Wert: “Vezzosi augelli” CD1, #13
Text Painting
Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Monteverdi: “Cruda Amarilli” CD1, #14
The Monteverdi-Artusi Controversy
THE INVENTION OF OPERA
The Florentine Camerata
SOME QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 8 The Baroque Period (1600–1750)
BAROQUE MUSIC AND EUROPEAN HISTORY
The Formation of Nation States
Wars of Religion
The Birth of Capitalism
THE WORD “BAROQUE”
THE DOCTRINE OF AFFECTIONS
MONTEVERDI’S OPERA, ORFEO
Claudio Monteverdi: Orfeo CD1, #15
MUSIC IN VENICE DURING THE BAROQUE PERIOD
The Concertato Principle
Barbara Strozzi
Barbara Strozzi: “Lagrime mie” CD1, #16
Castrati
Instrumental Music
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi: La Primavera, from The Four Seasons CD2, #1
The Concerto and Capitalism
OPERA OUTSIDE ITALY
Opera at the Court of Louis XIV
Jean-Baptiste Lully
Armide
Jean-Baptiste Lully: Armide (1686), Act II, scene 5 CD2, #2
The Popularity of Italian Opera Outside Italy
George Frideric Handel
George Frideric Handel: “Cara sposa” from Rinaldo CD2, #3
HANDEL AND THE RISE OF ORATORIO IN ENGLAND
George Frideric Handel: “There Were Shepherds” and “Glory to God” chorus from Messiah (1742), CD2, #4
George Frideric Handel: “Hallelujah Chorus” from Messiah (1742) CD2, #5
J. S. BACH
Bach’s Early Career
The Brandenburg Concertos
Johann Sebastian Bach: Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 CD2, #6
Bach in Leipzig
Johann Sebastian Bach: “Ach Golgatha” from Saint Matthew Passion CD2, #7
Johann Sebastian Bach: Fugue, Contrapunctus III, from The Art of the Fugue CD2, #8
SOME QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 9 The Classical Period (1750—1825)
THE RISE OF THE GALLANT STYLE
Giovanni Battista Pergolesi
Intermezzos
La serva padrona
Giovanni Battista Pergolesi: La Serva Padrona CD2, #9
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
Eighteenth-Century Taste
Classicism and the Gallant Style
OPERA REFORM
Christoph Willibald Gluck: Orfeo ed Euridice (1762), Act II CD2, #10
THE RISE OF THE SYMPHONY
Giovanni Sammartini
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN
Haydn’s Service at Esterháza
Haydn’s Symphony No. 56
SONATA FORM
Franz Joseph Haydn: Symphony No. 56, in C Major (1774) CD2, #11
HAYDN’S CAREER AFTER 1790
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART
Mozart’s Youthful Compositions
Mozart in Salzburg
Mozart in Vienna
Mozart’s Piano Concertos
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Piano Concerto No. 17 in G, K.453 (1784) CD2, #12
Mozart and Opera
Don Giovanni
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: “Madamina” from Don Giovanni,
Act I, scene IV (1787) CD2, #13
Mozart's Death
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN
Beethoven’s Youth
Beethoven in Vienna
Beethoven's “Heroic” Period
Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphony No. 3, in E? Major, Op.55 (1803) CD3, #1
Beethoven's Late Period
Ludwig van Beethoven: Piano Sonata No, 31, in A? Major,
Op. 110 (1822) CD3, #2
SOME QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 10 Romanticism (1820-1900)
ROMANTICISM DEFINED
ROMANTICISM APPLIED TO MUSIC
THE FIRST GENERATION OF ROMANTICS, 1815-1835
FRANZ SCHUBERT
The Art Song
Gretchen am Spinnrade
Franz Schubert: Gretchen am Spinnrade CD3, #3
BEL CANTO OPERA
Gioacchino Rossini
Vincenzo Bellini
Norma
Vincenzo Bellini: “Casta diva” from Norma (1831), Act I, scene 4
CD3, #4
Bel Canto Opera after Bellini
FRÉDÉRIC CHOPIN
Chopin’s Music
The Nocturne
Frédéric Chopin: Nocturne in F ? CD3, #5
HECTOR BERLIOZ
Symphonie Fantastique
Hector Berlioz: Symphonie Fantastique CD3, #6
THE SECOND GENERATION OF ROMANTICS
ROBERT SCHUMANN
Robert Schumann: Fantasiestucke (“Fantasy Pieces”) CD3, #7
ROBERT AND CLARA SCHUMANN
Waldesgesprach
Robert Schumann: Waldesgesprach (“Forest Conversation”) CD3, #8
Robert and Clara’s Marriage
Clara Wieck Schumann’s Music
Clara Schumann: Fugitive Piece No. 1 CD3, #9
THE THIRD GENERATION ROMANTICS
Johannes Brahms
Piano Quintet in F Minor
Johannes Brahms: Piano Quintet in F Minor, Scherzo CD3, #10
MUSIC OF THE FUTURE
Richard Wagner
The Ring of the Nibelung
Richard Wagner: Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung), second music drama, Die Walküre (The Valkyrie) (1856) “Wotan’s Farewell” CD4, #1
Festspielhaus
ITALIAN OPERA AFTER 1850
Othello
Giuseppe Verdi: Othello, Finale to Act II, “The Blood Vengeance Oath” CD4, #2
NATIONALISM
Nationalism in Music
Mikhail Glinka
THE MIGHTY HANDFUL
Alexander Borodin
Alexander Borodin: In the Steppes of Central Asia CD4, #3
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov: “Bridal Procession” from Le Coq d’Or CD4, #4
CONCLUSION
SOME QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 11 Concert Music 1900-1945
MODERNISM AND MUSIC
AUSTRIA AND GERMANY BEFORE WORLD WAR I
ATONALITY
Arnold Schoenberg
Expressionism
Pierrot Lunaire
Arnold Schoenberg: “Nacht” from Pierrot Lunaire CD4, #5
Schoenberg’s Setting
MUSIC IN PARIS BEFORE THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Erik Satie
Gnossienne No. 1
Erik Satie: Gnossienne No. 1 (1890) CD4, #6
Claude Debussy
La Mer
Claude Debussy: “The Dialogue of the Wind and Waves” from La Mer CD4, #7
Impressionism
Symbolism
The Ballets Russes
French and Russian Cultural Alliance
Igor Stravinsky
THE RITE OF SPRING
The Story
The Music
Igor Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring (1913) CD4, #8
Audience Reaction
MUSIC IN AMERICA BEFORE THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Charles Ives
Ives’s Songs
Charles Ives: Charlie Rutledge CD4, #9
THE FIRST WORLD WAR
NEO-CLASSICISM
Stravinsky’s Neo-Classic Period
German Neo-Classicism
Parisian Neo-Classicism
Germaine Tailleferre
Waltz of Telegrams
Germaine Tailleferre: Waltz of Telegrams, from The Wedding Party on the Eiffel Tour (1921) CD4, #10
The Scope of Neo-Classicism
MUSIC IN THE SOVIET UNION
Sergei Prokofiev
Soviet Realism
Sergei Prokofiev: Alexander Nevsky, Arise, People of Russia CD4, #11
AMERICAN MUSICAL POPULISM
Aaron Copland: Fanfare for the Common Man (1942) CD4, #12
CONCLUSION
SOME QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 12 Concert Music 1945—1985
MUSIC AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR
THE RISE OF THE AVANT-GARDE
WORLD WAR II
DARMSTADT
ZERO HOUR
MESSIAEN AND THE POSTWAR AVANT-GARDE
Integral Serialism
Olivier Messiaen: Mode de valeurs et d’intensités (Mode of Values and of Intensities) CD4, #13
Pli Selon Pli
Pierre Boulez: Improvisation I sur Mallarme from Pli Selon Pli (Fold Upon Fold) CD4, #14
ELECTRONIC MUSIC
The Synthesizer
Edgard Varèse: Poème électronique CD5, #1
INDETERMINACY
4’33’’
Music of Changes
John Cage: Music of Changes (1951) CD5, #2
Cage’s Public Personality
RADICAL AVANT-GARDE MUSIC AFTER CAGE
Annea Lockwood
Annea Lockwood: “Glass Rod Vibrating,” from Glass Concerts CD5, #3
Annea Lockwood: “Turning Gong,” from Glass Concerts CD5, #4
Annea Lockwood: “Mini Mobile,” from Glass Concerts CD5, #5
AMERICAN MUSIC DURING THE 1970S
George Crumb
George Crumb: Black Angels, Scenes 6 and 7 from Part II CD5, #6
CONCLUSION
SOME QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 13 Ragtime and Jazz
JAZZ IS A CLASSICAL MUSIC
Classical, Traditional, and Popular Music Classifications
RAGTIME
SCOTT JOPLIN
The Maple Leaf Rag
Scott Joplin: Maple Leaf Rag (1899) CD5, #7
The Influence of Ragtime
Joplin’s Contributions to Opera
THE ADVENT OF JAZZ ON RECORD
Early Recording Technology
LOUIS ARMSTRONG
Armstrong’s Recordings
Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five
Lilian Hardin: “Hotter Than That” (1927) CD5, #8
Armstrong’s Popularity
BIG BAND JAZZ
DUKE ELLINGTON
Ko-Ko
Duke Ellington: Ko-Ko (1940) CD5, #9
The Popularity of Big Band Music
AVANT-GARDE JAZZ AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR
Be-Bop
Charlie Parker: “Ko Ko” CD5, #10
Thelonius Monk
“Misterioso”
Thelonius Monk: “Misterioso” (1948) CD5, #11
FREE JAZZ
The World of Cecil Taylor
Cecil Taylor: “Air,” from The World of Cecil Taylor (1960) CD5, #12
Some Call It “Out” Jazz
JAZZ SINCE THE 1960S
THE SOCIAL CONTEXTS OF JAZZ PERFORMANCE
SOME QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 14 FILM MUSIC
FILM MUSIC
FILM MUSIC’S FUNCTIONS
USEFUL TERMINOLOGY
DIEGETIC MUSIC VERSUS NONDIEGETIC MUSIC
SOURCE MUSIC VERSUS ORIGINAL UNDERSCORE
A HISTORY OF FILM MUSIC
Film Music before Film
Music in Early Film Exhibition
The Silent Era
Early Sound Film
The Studio Era
NORTH BY NORTHWEST
Bernard Herrmann: North by Northwest, Main Title CD 5, #13
NEW HOLLYWOOD
Psycho
Bernard Herrmann: Psycho, Main Title CD 5, #14
Bernard Herrmann: Psycho, Murder CD 5, #15
The Rise of Source and Popular Music in New Hollywood
HENRY MANCINI
Henry Mancini: Touch of Evil, Main Title CD 5, #16
THE BLOCKBUSTER
The Empire Strikes Back
John Williams: Imperial March from Empire Strikes Back CD5, #17
SOME QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 15 Postmodernism, 1986 to the Present
POSTMODERNISM
The Architect Charles Moore
Play over Purpose
MUSIC AND POSTMODERNISM
Resistance and Reaction
JOHN ADAMS AND THE POSTMODERNISM OF REACTION
Nixon in China
John Adams: “News Has a Kind of Mystery” from
Nixon in China CD 5, #18
ROBERT ASHLEY
Atalanta: Acts of God
All Musical Works Are Effectively Unfinished
Max Ernst Anecdote
JOHN ZORN
Zorn’s Compositions
John Zorn: Forbidden Fruit CD5, #19
John Zorn’s Game Pieces
Breaking the Barrier between Classical and Popular
POSTMODERNISM AND ART IN THE FUTURE
POSTMODERNISM AND SOCIETY
SOME QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
Glossary of Musical Terms
Index